# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

##============ 一个参数 ============###

tpl = 'i am %s' % 'xdc'
print(tpl)

##============ 多个参数 ============###
tpl = 'i am %s age %d' % ('xdc', 21)  # 多个参数要括号
print(tpl)

###============ 传 ============###
tpl = 'i am %(name)s age %(age)d' % {'name':'xdc', 'age': 21}
print(tpl)

###============  ============###
tpl = 'i am %.2f ' % 99.97640  
print(tpl)

tpl = 'i am %(pp).2f' % {'pp': 8848.12134}
print(tpl)

tpl = 'i am %.2f%% ' % 88.95134  # 输出 % 号 （%%）
print(tpl)


##============  format ========================  ============###

tpl = "i am {}, age {}, {}"
r = tpl.format("xdc", 21, 'didi',12)
print(r)

tpl = "i am {}, age {}, {}"
r = tpl.format(*["xdc", 21, 'didi',12]) # 多传不会报错，少传会报错
print(r)

a, *b = ["xdc", 21, 'didi']
print(a)
print(b)

*a, b = ["xdc", 21, 'didi']
print(a)
print(b)

tpl = "i am {0}, age {1}, {0}"  # 也可以通过索引的方式传
print(tpl.format('xdc',1))

tpl = "i am {name}, age {age}, {name}"  # 通过关键字参数传
print(tpl.format(name='xdc',age=2))

tpl = "i am {name}, age {age}, {name}"  # 通过关键字参数传
print(tpl.format(**{'name': 'xdc', 'age': 2}))

tpl = "i am {0[2]}, age {1[0]}, {1[2]}"  # 索引取
print(tpl.format([1,2,3], [4,5,6]))

tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}, {:.2f}"  # 格式化  :s    :d     :f
print(tpl.format('xdc', 18, 89.1))

tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}".format(*['xdc',18])
print(tpl)

tpl = "i am {name:s}, age {age:d}".format(name='xdc',age= 19)
print(tpl)

tpl = "i am {name:s}, age {age:d}"  # 类型与名字都指定
print(tpl.format(**{'name':'xdc','age':12}))

tpl = "numbers: {0:b}, {0:o}, {0:d}, {0:x}, {0:X},"
# {:b} -> 二进制,{:o} -> 八进制,  {:d} -> 十进制, 
# {:x} -> 小写十六进制, {:X} -> 大写十六进制
print(tpl.format(15))

tpl = "numbers: {num:b}, {num:o}, {num:d}, {num:x}, \
    {num:X}," # 通过关键值传递 \ 换行，与linux中作用类似
print(tpl.format(num=15))

tpl = "{0:<6}---{0:<8}---{0:>13}"  # <6左对齐6格不够用空格补齐， >13 右对齐13格 
print(tpl.format('123'))

tpl = "{0:=<6}---{0:<8}---{0:>13}"  # =<6左对齐6格不够用 = 补齐
print(tpl.format('123'))

tpl = "{0:=^6}---{0:^8}---{0:^13}"  # ^ 居中
print(tpl.format('123'))

from string import Template
user = 'xdc'
s = Template("hello $name")
print(s.substitute(name=user))

name = '徐大虫'
age = 21
s = f'{name}今年{age}岁'
print(s)

def to_lowercase(inp):
    return inp.lower()

name = 'XDc'
s = f"{to_lowercase(name)} is string"  # 可以使用函数的方式传递
print(s)

tpl =( 
'xdc'
'xc')
print(tpl)   # 换行，代码美观。输出是一行。

msg = """
kafaka
xdc
sdf
"""
print(msg)